University of Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Prema međunarodnom pravu, pojedinci koji su pretrpjeli štetu tokom rata
morali su tražiti od svojih vlada koje su pobijedile u ratu da zastupaju njihove
interese u pregovorima sa poraženom stranom. Poslije Drugog svjetskog
rata s obzirom na širinu razaranja taj model je bio dominantan, ali nije bio u
potpunosti dostatan. Zločini bez presedana počinjeni od nacističkog režima
ostavili su čitave grupe oštećenih uskraćenim za nakanade za njima učinjene
individualne nepravde. Nepravde su činjene u klasičnim deliktima tjelesnih
povreda, ubistava, zatvaranja, oduzimanju imovine i čitavih bogatstava,
korištenjem za rad u formi robovske radne snage, u biološkim eksperimentima,
deportaciiji i odvajanju djece i roditelja i sl.
Poslijeratna Njemačka pristala je dati individualnu kompenzaciju te
humanitarnu pomoć određenim kategorijama osoba koje su bile oštećene.
Sklopljeni su bilateralni i multilateralni sporazumi za reparacije sa zapadnim
zemljama, a kasnije i bivšim zemljama komunističkog bloka. Međutim, brojna
pitanja ispravljanja individualnih nepravdi zbog zlodjela nacističkog režima
nisu bila adekvatno rješena. Pojedinci, pa čak i grupe oštećenih bili su slabih
pregovaračkih pozicija i političkih mogućnosti te nisu mogli pred svojim
državama tražiti svoja prava ili pak prisiliti vlade i strane multinacionalne
kompanije da im daju nadoknade za njima učinjene nepravde.
Samo jedna zemlja na svijetu je imala mogućnost da ispravi takvo nešto,
Sjedinjene Američke Džave. One ne samo da su imale sudove koji su bili
voljni uzeti takve slučajeve, nego još važnije, imale su moćnu diplomatiju i
instrumente pritiska na one strane koju su bili označeni kao nosioci kršenja
ljudskih prava u holokaustu.
According to international law, individuals who suffered damage during the
war had to ask their governments to represent their interests in negotiations
with the defeated side. After the Second World War, considering the extent
of the destruction, that model was dominant, but it was not entirely sufficient.
Unprecedented crimes committed by the Nazi regime left entire groups of victims
denied reparations for their individual wrongs. Injustices were committed
in the classic crimes of bodily injury, murder, imprisonment, confiscation of
property and entire fortunes, use for work in the form of slave labor, biological
experiments, deportation and separation of children and parents, etc.
Post-war Germany agreed to provide individual compensation and
humanitarian aid to certain categories of persons who were damaged. Bilateral
and multilateral reparations agreements were concluded with Western countries,
and later with the former countries of the communist bloc.
However, numerous issues of redressing individual injustices due to the
atrocities of the Nazi regime were not adequately resolved. Individuals and
even groups of victims had weak negotiating and political capabilities and
could not claim their rights before their countries or force governments and
foreign multinational companies to compensate them for their injustices.
Therefore, only one country in the world had the possibility for such a
thing, the United States of America. They not only had courts that were willing
to take such cases, but more importantly, they had powerful diplomacy and
instruments of pressure on those who were labeled as bearers of human rights
violations in the Holocaust.
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