U sistemu prava intelektualnog vlasništva, oznake geografskog porijekla
su segment u kojem Bosna i Hercegovina ima naveći potencijal. Uz to,
poljoprivredna proizvodnja jedna je od osnovnih privrednih grana Bosne
i Hercegovine. Sve veći zahtjevi za proizvodima domaćeg, provjerenog
porijekla, kao i zabrinutost kupaca za zdravstvene aspekte ishrane, proizvode sa
oznakom geografskog porijekla posljednjih nekoliko decenija stavljaju u fokus
interesovanja. Travnički/Vlašićki sir jedan je od domaćih, autohtonih, poznatih
proizvoda koji nije u potpunosti zaštićen oznakom geografskog porijekla pred
nadležnim Institutom za intelektualno vlasništvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Rad traga
za odgovorom na pitanje da li Travnički/Vlašićki sir ispunjava uslove za zaštitu
oznakom geografskog porijekla, te koji je prijedlog modaliteta zaštite. Rezultati
istraživanja pokazuju da proizvod ima dugogodišnju pozitivnu reputaciju, ali i
da je došlo do razdvajanja naziva na Travnički i Vlašićki sir, kao i razdvajanja
korištenih sirovina za proizvodnju, te geografskog područja proizvodnje. Zbog
toga se daje prijedlog da Vlašićki sir bude zaštićen kao geografska oznaka ili
eventualno ime porijekla za sir od ovčijeg mlijeka, dok bi naziv Travnički sir bio
zaštićen također kao geografska oznaka za sir od kravljeg mlijeka. 

In the system of intellectual property rights, geographical indications are the
area in which Bosnia and Herzegovina has the greatest potential. In addition,
agricultural production is one of the basic economic branches of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Increasing demands for products of domestic, verified origin, as
well as customers’ concerns about health aspects of foodstuffs, have put products
with geographical indications in the focus of interest in last few decades. The
Travnik/Vlašić cheese is one of the domestic, autochthonous, well-known
products that is not fully protected geographicla indication before the competent
Institute for Intellectual Property of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper seeks an
answer to the question of whether Travnik/Vlašić cheese meets the conditions for
protection as geographical indication, and what would be appropriate modality
of protection. The research results show that product has a reputation, but also
that there was a separation of the names of Travnik and Vlašić cheese, as well as
a separation of the raw materials used for production, and the geographical area
of production. For this reason, the proposal is that Vlašić sir should be protected
as protected geographical indication for sheep’s milk cheese, while the name
Travnik cheese should also be protected as protected geographical indication for
cow’s milk cheese.

Klasična podjela pravnih poslova na formalne i neformalne u modernom
ugovornom pravu dobila je novu dimenziju uvođenjem u pozitivna zakonodavstva
nacionalnih pravnih sistema novih formi pravnih poslova, a kojima je često
uslovljena i valjanost takvih poslova. Uvođenjem latinskog tipa notarijata u pravni
sistem Bosne i Hercegovine zakonodavac je izdvojio određene pravne poslove
u oblasti stvarnog prava, porodičnog i nasljednog prava, te prava privrednih
društava i njihovu pravnu valjanost uslovio formom notarski obrađene isprave.
Ovakva rješenja entitetskih zakona kao i zakona u Brčko Distriktu koji uređuju
službu notara od početka primjene su izazivala javne polemike ali i stručne
diskusije među pripadnicima različitih pravničkih profesija. Kao posljednica
navedenih diskusija, pojedine odredbe ovih zakona, uključujući i one koje
uređuju formu izdvojenih pravnih poslova (uključujući ugovore koji za predmet
imaju promet nekretnina), bile su predmetom ocjene ustavnosti pred entitetskim
ustavnim sudovima. Ustavni sud Federacije BiH i Ustavni sud Republike Srpske
odlučujući po zahtjevima za ocjenu ustavnosti odredbe zakona o notarima kojima
je propisana obaveza forma notarski obrađene isprave za pravne poslove čiji je
predmet prenos ili sticanje vlasništva ili drugih stvarnih prava na nekretninama
su zauzeli različite stavove. Ustavni sud Republike Srpske je odbacio prijedlog
za utvrđivanje neustavnosti između ostalog i člana 68, tada važećeg Zakona o
notarima Republike Srpske koje uređuje pitanje obavezne forme, dok je Ustavni
sud Federacije BiH odlučio da, između ostalih i član 73., još uvijek važećeg
Zakon o notarima FBiH nije u skladu sa Ustavom. Ovakvim odlukama sudova,
pitanje forme ugovora o prometu nekretnina dobilo je različito interpretiranje
i stepen obaveznosti u dva entiteta istog pravnog sistema, i time dalo doprinos
pravnoj nesigurnosti građana i investitora. Predmet ovog rada je analiza važećih
propisa koji uređuju pitanje forme ugovora o prometu nekretnina u pravnom
sistemu Bosne i Hercegovine kao i uloga notarijata kao javne službe u povećanju
stepena pravne sigurnosti i zaštite stranaka u ugovorima koji za predmet imaju
nekretnine.

The classic division of legal transactions into formal and informal in modern
contract law gained a new dimension by introducing into the positive legislation
of national legal systems new forms of legal transactions, which are often
condition for validity validity of such affairs. By introducing the Latin type of
notary in the legal system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the legislator separated
certain legal affairs in the area of property law, family and inheritance law, and
company law and made their legal validity conditional on the form of a notarial
deed. Such solutions of the entity laws as well as the laws in the Brčko District
that regulate the service of notaries since the beginning of their application have
caused public polemics as well as professional discussions among members of
different legal professions. As a result of the aforementioned discussions, certain
provisions of these laws, including those regulating the form of separate legal
transactions (including contracts with real estate transactions as their subject),
were subject to constitutionality evaluation before the entity constitutional
courts. The Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
and the Constitutional Court of the Republika Srpska, deciding on requests for
constitutional review of the provisions of the law on notaries, which prescribe
the obligation of the form of a notarized document for legal transactions whose
subject is the transfer or acquisition of ownership or other real rights to real
estate, took different positions. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of
Srpska rejected the proposal to determine the unconstitutionality of, among
other things, Article 68 of the then valid Law on Notaries of the Republic of
Srpska, which regulates the issue of mandatory form, while the Constitutional
Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina decided that, among others,
Article 73 of the still valid Law on to FBiH notaries is not in accordance with
the Constitution. With such decisions of the courts, the issue of the form of the
real estate transaction contract received different interpretations and degrees of
obligation in two entities of the same legal system, thus contributing to the legal
uncertainty of citizens and investors. The subject of this paper is the analysis
of the valid regulations governing the form of real estate contracts in the legal
system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the role of the notary as a public
service in increasing the degree of legal security and protection of parties in
contracts with real estate as their subject.

Dobra od općeg interesa se pojavljuju u obliku građevinskog zemljišta,
poljoprivrednog zemljišta, šuma i šumskog zemljišta i drugih dobara, a zbog svog
značaja uživaju posebno mjesto u privrednoekonomskom i pravnom sistemu, te
shodno tome za ista je tradicionalno osigurana posebna pravna zaštita.
Pravni režim na predmetnim dobrima je uređen Zakonom o stvarnim pravima,
posebnim propisima o građevinskom zemljištu, poljoprivrednom zemljištu,
šumama i šumskom zemljištu, te drugim posebnim propisima.
U vezi sa pravnom egzistencijom dobara od općeg interesa u prethodnom,
kao i u važećem pravnom sistemu dolazilo je do značajnih transformacija
stvarnih prava na ovim dobrima u pogledu uspostave državnog, društvenog ili
tradicionalnog prava vlasništva. U vezi sa ovim konstatovane su određene radnje
naročito od strane entiteta u cilju prisvajanja predmetnih dobara, što je dovelo
do sporova i odluka Ustavnog suda BiH, sa zauzetim stavovima, u pogledu
ustavnosti određenih zakona, te statusa i pripadnosti predmetnih dobara.
I pored toga što su brojne odredbe relevantnih entitetskih propisa u ovoj oblasti
stavljene van snage, još uvjek nije uslijedio proces njihove harmonizacije, te
donošenja odgovarajućih propisa od strane nadležnih organa države BiH, u cilju
uspostave odgovarajućeg normativnopravnog okvira radi potpunog i adekvatnog
uređenja ove oblasti. 

Goods of common interest exist in the form of construction land, agricultural
land, forests and forest land, and other assets. Due to their significance, they
hold a special place in the economic and legal system, and, accordingly, they
traditionally enjoy specific legal protection.
The legal regime for these goods is regulated by the Law on
Rights in rem, as well as particular rules regarding construction land,
agricultural land, forests and forest land, and other specific regulations.
Regarding the legal existence of goods of common interest in the previous as
well as the current legal system, significant transformations of rights in rem on
these assets have occurred in terms of establishing state, social, or traditional
ownership rights. In connection with this, certain actions, especially by entities,
aimed at appropriating these goods have been noted, leading to specific disputes
that resulted in special procedures and decisions, with established positions of the
Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the constitutionality
of laws and the status and belonging of the subject goods.
Despite numerous provisions of relevant entity regulations in this area being
repealed, the process of their harmonization and the adoption of appropriate
regulations by the competent authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina to establish
an adequate normative-legal framework for the complete and adequate regulation
of this area is still pending.