U sistemu prava intelektualnog vlasništva, oznake geografskog porijekla
su segment u kojem Bosna i Hercegovina ima naveći potencijal. Uz to,
poljoprivredna proizvodnja jedna je od osnovnih privrednih grana Bosne
i Hercegovine. Sve veći zahtjevi za proizvodima domaćeg, provjerenog
porijekla, kao i zabrinutost kupaca za zdravstvene aspekte ishrane, proizvode sa
oznakom geografskog porijekla posljednjih nekoliko decenija stavljaju u fokus
interesovanja. Travnički/Vlašićki sir jedan je od domaćih, autohtonih, poznatih
proizvoda koji nije u potpunosti zaštićen oznakom geografskog porijekla pred
nadležnim Institutom za intelektualno vlasništvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Rad traga
za odgovorom na pitanje da li Travnički/Vlašićki sir ispunjava uslove za zaštitu
oznakom geografskog porijekla, te koji je prijedlog modaliteta zaštite. Rezultati
istraživanja pokazuju da proizvod ima dugogodišnju pozitivnu reputaciju, ali i
da je došlo do razdvajanja naziva na Travnički i Vlašićki sir, kao i razdvajanja
korištenih sirovina za proizvodnju, te geografskog područja proizvodnje. Zbog
toga se daje prijedlog da Vlašićki sir bude zaštićen kao geografska oznaka ili
eventualno ime porijekla za sir od ovčijeg mlijeka, dok bi naziv Travnički sir bio
zaštićen također kao geografska oznaka za sir od kravljeg mlijeka. 

In the system of intellectual property rights, geographical indications are the
area in which Bosnia and Herzegovina has the greatest potential. In addition,
agricultural production is one of the basic economic branches of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Increasing demands for products of domestic, verified origin, as
well as customers’ concerns about health aspects of foodstuffs, have put products
with geographical indications in the focus of interest in last few decades. The
Travnik/Vlašić cheese is one of the domestic, autochthonous, well-known
products that is not fully protected geographicla indication before the competent
Institute for Intellectual Property of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper seeks an
answer to the question of whether Travnik/Vlašić cheese meets the conditions for
protection as geographical indication, and what would be appropriate modality
of protection. The research results show that product has a reputation, but also
that there was a separation of the names of Travnik and Vlašić cheese, as well as
a separation of the raw materials used for production, and the geographical area
of production. For this reason, the proposal is that Vlašić sir should be protected
as protected geographical indication for sheep’s milk cheese, while the name
Travnik cheese should also be protected as protected geographical indication for
cow’s milk cheese.

Dobra od općeg interesa se pojavljuju u obliku građevinskog zemljišta,
poljoprivrednog zemljišta, šuma i šumskog zemljišta i drugih dobara, a zbog svog
značaja uživaju posebno mjesto u privrednoekonomskom i pravnom sistemu, te
shodno tome za ista je tradicionalno osigurana posebna pravna zaštita.
Pravni režim na predmetnim dobrima je uređen Zakonom o stvarnim pravima,
posebnim propisima o građevinskom zemljištu, poljoprivrednom zemljištu,
šumama i šumskom zemljištu, te drugim posebnim propisima.
U vezi sa pravnom egzistencijom dobara od općeg interesa u prethodnom,
kao i u važećem pravnom sistemu dolazilo je do značajnih transformacija
stvarnih prava na ovim dobrima u pogledu uspostave državnog, društvenog ili
tradicionalnog prava vlasništva. U vezi sa ovim konstatovane su određene radnje
naročito od strane entiteta u cilju prisvajanja predmetnih dobara, što je dovelo
do sporova i odluka Ustavnog suda BiH, sa zauzetim stavovima, u pogledu
ustavnosti određenih zakona, te statusa i pripadnosti predmetnih dobara.
I pored toga što su brojne odredbe relevantnih entitetskih propisa u ovoj oblasti
stavljene van snage, još uvjek nije uslijedio proces njihove harmonizacije, te
donošenja odgovarajućih propisa od strane nadležnih organa države BiH, u cilju
uspostave odgovarajućeg normativnopravnog okvira radi potpunog i adekvatnog
uređenja ove oblasti. 

Goods of common interest exist in the form of construction land, agricultural
land, forests and forest land, and other assets. Due to their significance, they
hold a special place in the economic and legal system, and, accordingly, they
traditionally enjoy specific legal protection.
The legal regime for these goods is regulated by the Law on
Rights in rem, as well as particular rules regarding construction land,
agricultural land, forests and forest land, and other specific regulations.
Regarding the legal existence of goods of common interest in the previous as
well as the current legal system, significant transformations of rights in rem on
these assets have occurred in terms of establishing state, social, or traditional
ownership rights. In connection with this, certain actions, especially by entities,
aimed at appropriating these goods have been noted, leading to specific disputes
that resulted in special procedures and decisions, with established positions of the
Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the constitutionality
of laws and the status and belonging of the subject goods.
Despite numerous provisions of relevant entity regulations in this area being
repealed, the process of their harmonization and the adoption of appropriate
regulations by the competent authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina to establish
an adequate normative-legal framework for the complete and adequate regulation
of this area is still pending.

Predmet rada je uloga suda u teretu dokazivanja u parničnom postupku.
Iako je teret dokazivanja primarno na strankama, uloga suda u parničnom
postupku nalaže da poduzima radnje kojima će omogućiti strankama da iznosu
sve pravno relevantne činjenice, predlože i izvedu dokaze za dokazivanje tih
činjenica. S obzirom na namjeru da Bosna i Hercegovina postane članica
Evropske unije, i da je potrebno da uskladi pravo s pravom Evropske unije, u
radu se pored domaćeg prava analizira i pravo Evropske unije. Cilj istraživanja
je ukazati na koji način sud postupa u vezi tereta dokazivanja, koja su njegova
ovlaštenja i kako se postupanje suda reflektuje na pravni položaj stranaka. Do
cilja istraživanja se došlo primjenom prije svega normativne metode kojom se
proučavalo i ispitalo pravo Bosne i Hercegovine i Evropske unije. Pored ove
metode u radu su korištene metoda sinteze na osnovu koje je ukazano na osnove
o teretu dokazivanju kako bi se razumjela njegova priroda i deduktivna metoda
na osnove koje je istraživanje započeto, na osnovu opštih saznanja o teretu
dokazivanja. Na osnovu istraživanja došlo se do saznanja da su u Bosni i
Hercegovini stranke dužne iznijeti procesnu građu i kada sud ustanovi da
pojedina stranka nije iznijela pravno relevantne činjenice ili da ih nije dokazala,
sud ne smije postavljati pitanja kojima bi na stranku uticao da iznese i dokaže
pravno relevantne činjenice. U pravu Evropske unije, u postupku za izdavanje
evropskog platnog naloga i evropskog postupka za sporove male vrijednosti, sud
je dužan poduzimati radnje kojima će uticati na tužioca da dokaže pravno
relevantne činjenice, što je na štetu tuženog. Ovakvim postupanjem dolazi do
nejednakosti parničnih stranaka. 

The subject of the paper is the role of the court in the burden of proof in
civil proceedings. Although the burden of proof is primarily on the parties, the
role of the court in civil proceedings dictates that it undertakes actions that will
enable the parties to gather all legally relevant facts, propose and produce
evidence to prove those facts. Considering the intention of Bosnia and
Herzegovina to become a member of the European Union, and that it needs to
harmonize the law with the law of the European Union, in addition to the
domestic law, the law of the European Union is analyzed in the paper. The goal
of the research is to show how the court acts in relation to the burden of proof,
what are its powers and how the court's actions reflect on the legal position of the
parties. The aim of the research was reached by applying, first of all, the
normative method by which the law of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European
Union was studied and examined. In addition to this method, the paper used a
synthesis method based on which the basics of the burden of proof were pointed
out in order to understand its nature and a deductive method on the basis of which
the research was started, based on general knowledge about the burden of proof.
Based on the research, it was found out that in Bosnia and Herzegovina the parties
are obliged to present procedural materials and when the court finds that an
individual party did not present legally relevant facts or did not prove them, the
court may not ask questions that would influence the party to present and prove
legally relevant facts. In the law of the European Union, in the procedure for
issuing the European payment order and the European small claims procedure,
the court is obliged to take actions that will influence the plaintiff to prove legally
relevant facts, which is to the detriment of the defendant. Such behavior leads to
inequality between litigants.