U sistemu prava intelektualnog vlasništva, oznake geografskog porijekla
su segment u kojem Bosna i Hercegovina ima naveći potencijal. Uz to,
poljoprivredna proizvodnja jedna je od osnovnih privrednih grana Bosne
i Hercegovine. Sve veći zahtjevi za proizvodima domaćeg, provjerenog
porijekla, kao i zabrinutost kupaca za zdravstvene aspekte ishrane, proizvode sa
oznakom geografskog porijekla posljednjih nekoliko decenija stavljaju u fokus
interesovanja. Travnički/Vlašićki sir jedan je od domaćih, autohtonih, poznatih
proizvoda koji nije u potpunosti zaštićen oznakom geografskog porijekla pred
nadležnim Institutom za intelektualno vlasništvo Bosne i Hercegovine. Rad traga
za odgovorom na pitanje da li Travnički/Vlašićki sir ispunjava uslove za zaštitu
oznakom geografskog porijekla, te koji je prijedlog modaliteta zaštite. Rezultati
istraživanja pokazuju da proizvod ima dugogodišnju pozitivnu reputaciju, ali i
da je došlo do razdvajanja naziva na Travnički i Vlašićki sir, kao i razdvajanja
korištenih sirovina za proizvodnju, te geografskog područja proizvodnje. Zbog
toga se daje prijedlog da Vlašićki sir bude zaštićen kao geografska oznaka ili
eventualno ime porijekla za sir od ovčijeg mlijeka, dok bi naziv Travnički sir bio
zaštićen također kao geografska oznaka za sir od kravljeg mlijeka. 

In the system of intellectual property rights, geographical indications are the
area in which Bosnia and Herzegovina has the greatest potential. In addition,
agricultural production is one of the basic economic branches of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Increasing demands for products of domestic, verified origin, as
well as customers’ concerns about health aspects of foodstuffs, have put products
with geographical indications in the focus of interest in last few decades. The
Travnik/Vlašić cheese is one of the domestic, autochthonous, well-known
products that is not fully protected geographicla indication before the competent
Institute for Intellectual Property of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper seeks an
answer to the question of whether Travnik/Vlašić cheese meets the conditions for
protection as geographical indication, and what would be appropriate modality
of protection. The research results show that product has a reputation, but also
that there was a separation of the names of Travnik and Vlašić cheese, as well as
a separation of the raw materials used for production, and the geographical area
of production. For this reason, the proposal is that Vlašić sir should be protected
as protected geographical indication for sheep’s milk cheese, while the name
Travnik cheese should also be protected as protected geographical indication for
cow’s milk cheese.

Dobra od općeg interesa se pojavljuju u obliku građevinskog zemljišta,
poljoprivrednog zemljišta, šuma i šumskog zemljišta i drugih dobara, a zbog svog
značaja uživaju posebno mjesto u privrednoekonomskom i pravnom sistemu, te
shodno tome za ista je tradicionalno osigurana posebna pravna zaštita.
Pravni režim na predmetnim dobrima je uređen Zakonom o stvarnim pravima,
posebnim propisima o građevinskom zemljištu, poljoprivrednom zemljištu,
šumama i šumskom zemljištu, te drugim posebnim propisima.
U vezi sa pravnom egzistencijom dobara od općeg interesa u prethodnom,
kao i u važećem pravnom sistemu dolazilo je do značajnih transformacija
stvarnih prava na ovim dobrima u pogledu uspostave državnog, društvenog ili
tradicionalnog prava vlasništva. U vezi sa ovim konstatovane su određene radnje
naročito od strane entiteta u cilju prisvajanja predmetnih dobara, što je dovelo
do sporova i odluka Ustavnog suda BiH, sa zauzetim stavovima, u pogledu
ustavnosti određenih zakona, te statusa i pripadnosti predmetnih dobara.
I pored toga što su brojne odredbe relevantnih entitetskih propisa u ovoj oblasti
stavljene van snage, još uvjek nije uslijedio proces njihove harmonizacije, te
donošenja odgovarajućih propisa od strane nadležnih organa države BiH, u cilju
uspostave odgovarajućeg normativnopravnog okvira radi potpunog i adekvatnog
uređenja ove oblasti. 

Goods of common interest exist in the form of construction land, agricultural
land, forests and forest land, and other assets. Due to their significance, they
hold a special place in the economic and legal system, and, accordingly, they
traditionally enjoy specific legal protection.
The legal regime for these goods is regulated by the Law on
Rights in rem, as well as particular rules regarding construction land,
agricultural land, forests and forest land, and other specific regulations.
Regarding the legal existence of goods of common interest in the previous as
well as the current legal system, significant transformations of rights in rem on
these assets have occurred in terms of establishing state, social, or traditional
ownership rights. In connection with this, certain actions, especially by entities,
aimed at appropriating these goods have been noted, leading to specific disputes
that resulted in special procedures and decisions, with established positions of the
Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the constitutionality
of laws and the status and belonging of the subject goods.
Despite numerous provisions of relevant entity regulations in this area being
repealed, the process of their harmonization and the adoption of appropriate
regulations by the competent authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina to establish
an adequate normative-legal framework for the complete and adequate regulation
of this area is still pending.

Privrednim subjektima, prirodno motivisanim za što većim sticanjem dobiti, kao
i samim povećanjem plasmana i prodaje proizvoda, nije dozvoljeno poduzimanje
mjera i radnji kojima će se drugi tržišni akteri dovesti u neravnopravan položaj.
Postoje tri osnova oblika narušavanja prava konkurencije, dok je za potrebe ovog
rada u poseban fokus stavljen proces koncentracije privrednih subjekata. Ovaj
proces može biti ostvaren na različite načine te ga, samim tim, prati izuzetno
veliki broj specifičnosti koje moraju biti uzete u obzir, odnosno sagledane na
pravi način i iz više konteksta, da bi se pravilno procjenio njegov uticaj na
tržišnu strukturu. Zbog toga se nacionalnim zakonodavstvima propisuju jasne
procedure za koncentraciju privrednih subjekata, nastojeći na takav način pružiti
adekvatnu i potpunu zaštitu tržišta i svih njegovih sudionika. Obzirom da je
Bosna i Hercegovina direktno upućena na tržište Evropske unije, u fokus ovog
rada stavljen je detaljan prikaz strukture, odnosno legislativnog i institucionalnog
okvira prava konkurencije i koncentracije privrednih subjekata na području
Evropske unije i Bosne i Hercegovine.

Business entities, naturally motivated by making a bigger profit, as well as
improving placement and disposal of the their product, are not allowed to make
steps that will lead other business actors to a inferior position. There are three
main forms of violating the law of competition, but for the needs of this paper
main focus was put on the merger control of business entities. This proces can be
achived in different ways and because of that, is followed by enormous number
of specifities, which need to be taken in to considiration, that is to be percived in
the right way and in many contexts, in order to correctly estimate it’s effect on the
market structure. Consequently, national legislations are given clear procedures
for merger control of business entities, and by that aspire for adequate and whole
protection of the market and of all participants. Because Bosnia and Herzegovinais
directly involved in the market of European Union, in the focus of this paper was
put a detailed structural display, that is legislative and institutional frame for the
law of competition and merger control of business entities in the European Union
and Bosnia and Herzegovina.