University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Ljudska težnja za neistraženim i nepoznatim uvela je čovjeka u novu sferu
postojanja i potaknula razvoj svemirskog prava kao nove grane međunarodnog
javnog prava, koja spektrom svojih normi i načela nastoji osigurati da taj značajan
korak u novi okoliš reflektira temeljne ljudske vrijednosti i ujedini međunarodnu
zajednicu u miroljubivoj suradnji. Temelji svemirskog prava sadržani su u pet
međunarodnih ugovora i pet općih deklaracija UN-a među kojima upravo tzv.
Ugovor o svemiru iz 1967. godine predstavlja osnovu uređenja svih aktivnosti
i postavlja načela koja se protežu kroz nadolazeće pravne instrumente s
nezavidnom zadaćom održavanja koraka s galopirajućim procvatom svemirske
znanosti i tehnologije. Otvaranje svemira privatnom sektoru, zahvaćenost
procesom komercijalizacije, svemirski turizam, problemi svemirskog otpada,
iskorištavanje prirodnih resursa, pitanje stvarnih prava, istraživanje i korištenje
svemirskog prostranstva i tehnologije za ostvarivanje ciljeva održivog razvoja,
samo su neka od žarišnih pitanja i izazova koji stimuliraju ovu dinamičnu granu
prava na daljnji razvoj i pružanje konkretnih odgovora. Dobrobiti svemirskih
postignuća imaju značajan utjecaj na čovjekovu svakodnevnicu i sigurno je da će
znanost i tehnologija nastaviti sa svojim naglim razvojem u ovom području, pri
čemu činjenica da su temeljni izvori svemirskog prava doneseni davno nameće
pitanje njegove adekvatnosti i prilagodljivosti u suočavanju s novim izazovima
modernog doba.
Human pursuit of the unexplored and unknown has introduced a man to a
new sphere of existence and encouraged the development of space law as a new
branch of international public law which seeks to ensure that this significant
step into a new environment reflects fundamental human values and unites
international community in peaceful cooperation. The foundations of space law
are contained in five international treaties and five UN declarations, among which
the so-called The Outer Space Treaty (1967) forms the basis of space activities
and sets fundamental principles for the upcoming legal instruments with the
unenviable task of keeping pace with the galloping boom of space science and
technology. Opening space to the private sector, involvement in the process of
commercialization, space tourism, space debris issues, exploitation of natural
resources, rights in rem issues, exploration and use of space and technology
to achieve sustainable development goals, are just some of the focal questions
and challenges that stimulate this dynamic branch of law to further develop and
provide concrete answers. The benefits of space achievements have a significant
impact on our daily life and it is certain that science and technology will continue
their rapid development in this area, while the fact that the fundamental sources
of space law were adopted decades ago raises the question of its adequacy and
adaptability in facing the new challenges of the modern age.
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